China proposes adding 40 technologies (AI, solar, biomedicine) to the controlled-export list: consultation until 15 November

Selon le Global Times, le ministère du Commerce (MOFCOM) et le ministère des Sciences et Technologies ont publié conjointement le vendredi 16 octobre un projet de révision du catalogue des technologies dont l’exportation est interdite ou restreinte.

Être in the present is est for a singular subject and sont for a plural one. It describes nature, state or place (“is”, “is located”). If what follows (the attribute) is a noun, adjective or prepositional phrase, it is not a passive. If a past participle follows, it is a passive (est annoncé). Headlines and summaries often use the present to describe the current situation.

Le ministère du Commerce et le ministère des Sciences et Technologies de Chine ont publié le 16 octobre un projet de révision de la liste des technologies dont l’exportation est interdite ou restreinte.

The passé composé is the most common past tense, used for “did” and “has done” — actions completed in the past. It is formed with the auxiliary avoir (a / ont…) in the present + a past participle. Past participles of -er verbs end in -é (annoncer → annoncé); learn the irregular ones (faire → fait, prendre → pris, voir → vu). In the negative, ne … pas wraps the auxiliary (n’a pas annoncé). In the news it reports facts that have already happened, such as “announced” or “voted”.

La source ne précise pas quelle partie serait immédiatement applicable.

The conditional expresses possibility, supposition, unconfirmed information and polite requests (“would”, “might”). It uses the same stem as the future and the same endings as the imparfait (-ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient): pouvoir → il pourrait. In the news it is used to avoid asserting, as in “is reported to…” or “there is a possibility…”.

Ce qui est exclu et la suite

The passive means “is done” or “is being done”. It is formed with être + past participle, which agrees with the subject in gender and number (la mesure est adoptée / les mesures sont adoptées). The agent is introduced by par (or de). In the news it is common when the event, rather than the actor, is the focus (est prévu / est annoncé / est connu).

Qu’est-ce qui a été publié ?

The past passive means “was done”. Its form is present of avoir + été (past participle of être) + past participle. Été does not change, but the last participle agrees with the subject in gender and number (la loi a été votée / les textes ont été votés). It is frequent in news reporting results such as votes, decisions and announcements.

Il s’agit d’un projet ; la consultation dure jusqu’au 15 novembre.

A pronominal verb is used with a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous) before the verb. It can mean “do to oneself”, “be done” or “do to each other”. In the news, se traduire (to result in), se tenir (to take place), s’agir de (to be a matter of) and se diffuser (to spread) are frequent. The pronoun changes with the subject (il se tient / ils se tiennent / je me souviens).

Les technologies déjà publiques (open source, articles scientifiques) ne sont pas visées.

Normally ne and pas wrap the verb. Before a vowel, ne becomes n’. Check which part of the sentence the negation covers. Ne … plus means “no longer”.

Selon le Global Times, le ministère du Commerce (MOFCOM) et le ministère des Sciences et Technologies ont publié conjointement le vendredi 16 octobre un projet de révision du catalogue des technologies dont l’exportation est interdite ou restreinte.

Selon means “according to”. Put a person or organisation after it as the source. It separates facts the writer checked directly from what another body or report said. Citing a source does not turn a forecast into an accomplished fact.

Il s’agit d’un projet ; la consultation dure jusqu’au 15 novembre.

It explains what something is about: “it is a matter of…”. The il is not a particular man but a formal subject of this construction. The negative il ne s’agit pas de means “this is not about…”.

Il s’agit toutefois d’un projet, avec consultation jusqu’au 15 novembre ; le contenu final et la date d’application restent à confirmer.

Le 15 octobre means “on 15 October”. Distinguish the le before a date from the le that marks a weekly habit like a weekday. Du is de + le and au is à + le, so decide the meaning from the verb and period expressions around them. Their role depends on the group: a range of dates, the date of a bulletin or another complement.

Global Timesによると、中国の商務部と科学技術部は、16日（金）に、輸出が禁止・制限される技術の目録を改める案を、共同で公表しました。

As in “LCPによると”, it shows where the information comes from. What that source reported follows. It is used differently from “私にとって”, which gives one’s own opinion.

商務部の報道官は、「特定の国や地域を対象にしたものではない」「ふだんの技術貿易管理の一部だ」と説明しています。

They negate a noun and similar content. “ではありません” is the polite form and “ではない” the plain form. “成立ではありません” shows that it cannot be said to have been concluded.

意見の募集は、10月16日から11月15日までで、対象の範囲や基準、規制の方針などについて意見を受け付けます。

As in “予算について”, it shows the topic to be talked about or explained. In the form “〜についての報道”, の is added so that the group qualifies the following noun.

AI、太陽光、バイオの分野が含まれるため、注目されています。

ため is used for both reason and purpose. “成立ではないため” is a reason and “運転手を守るため” a purpose. Decide from the whole sentence whether what precedes is a cause or a goal.

オープンソースや学術論文などで、すでに公開されている技術は、対象に入らないとされています。

“暴言など” gives “abusive language” as one example. It is not necessarily a closed list of only the things named. It also helps when reading the scope of a news story.

中国の商務部と科学技術部は、16日に、輸出が禁止・制限される技術の目録を改める案を公表しました。

In “発表しました”, ました makes a verb polite past. The negative is “ませんでした”. Read the actual date together with the date and time in the text.