Macron refuses Laurent Nuñez’s resignation and calls for a new doctrine against rioters

Les chiffres sont ceux des autorités et varient selon l’heure et le périmètre.

Être in the present is est for a singular subject and sont for a plural one. It describes nature, state or place (“is”, “is located”). If what follows (the attribute) is a noun, adjective or prepositional phrase, it is not a passive. If a past participle follows, it is a passive (est annoncé). Headlines and summaries often use the present to describe the current situation.

L’Élysée a annoncé le 19 octobre que Macron refuse la démission du ministre de l’Intérieur.

The passé composé is the most common past tense, used for “did” and “has done” — actions completed in the past. It is formed with the auxiliary avoir (a / ont…) in the present + a past participle. Past participles of -er verbs end in -é (annoncer → annoncé); learn the irregular ones (faire → fait, prendre → pris, voir → vu). In the negative, ne … pas wraps the auxiliary (n’a pas annoncé). In the news it reports facts that have already happened, such as “announced” or “voted”.

Les « 400 » annoncés le soir du 17 étaient un chiffre provisoire.

The imparfait describes states, background, habits and actions in progress in the past (il était, elle avait, ils pensaient). Take the nous form of the present, drop -ons, and add -ais / -ais / -ait / -ions / -iez / -aient. If the passé composé gives “the event itself”, the imparfait paints “the situation at the time”.

Dans son allocution de dimanche soir, il a déclaré : « ceux qui ont cherché à faire tomber la République auront à en répondre ».

The futur simple means “will do” or “is planned to”. Add -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont to the infinitive (participer → il participera). Watch the irregular stems: être → ser-, avoir → aur-, aller → ir-, faire → fer-, pouvoir → pourr-, voir → verr-. In the news it is used for fixed plans and outlooks.

Causes et responsabilités seront établies par les enquêtes.

The passive means “is done” or “is being done”. It is formed with être + past participle, which agrees with the subject in gender and number (la mesure est adoptée / les mesures sont adoptées). The agent is introduced by par (or de). In the news it is common when the event, rather than the actor, is the focus (est prévu / est annoncé / est connu).

Sur France Inter, Laurent Nuñez a expliqué : « J’ai remis ma démission parce que je suis responsable de tout ce qui se passe.

A pronominal verb is used with a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous) before the verb. It can mean “do to oneself”, “be done” or “do to each other”. In the news, se traduire (to result in), se tenir (to take place), s’agir de (to be a matter of) and se diffuser (to spread) are frequent. The pronoun changes with the subject (il se tient / ils se tiennent / je me souviens).

Selon les autorités, on compte environ 2 400 interpellations et près d’un millier de membres des forces de l’ordre blessés ; Gérald Darmanin évoque 2 331 gardes à vue.

Selon means “according to”. Put a person or organisation after it as the source. It separates facts the writer checked directly from what another body or report said. Citing a source does not turn a forecast into an accomplished fact.

Sur France Inter, Laurent Nuñez a expliqué : « J’ai remis ma démission parce que je suis responsable de tout ce qui se passe. » Il reconnaît un manque d’anticipation sur les forces disponibles et une perte de contrôle de la police dans certaines villes.

Qui continues a description of the person or thing just mentioned (“the one that does…”). Because qui is itself the subject of the next verb, do not repeat the subject. The verb agrees with the noun qui refers to.

L’Élysée a annoncé le 19 octobre qu’Emmanuel Macron a refusé la démission du ministre de l’Intérieur, Laurent Nuñez, remise le 18.

Le 15 octobre means “on 15 October”. Distinguish the le before a date from the le that marks a weekly habit like a weekday. Du is de + le and au is à + le, so decide the meaning from the verb and period expressions around them. Their role depends on the group: a range of dates, the date of a bulletin or another complement.

Elle invoque « la nécessité d’un commandement continu des forces de l’ordre dans le contexte actuel ».

Dans means “in, inside” for places, but also for a scope such as a system or period. With future time, dans deux jours means “in two days”. In the article’s example, check what it is “inside” and which scope it marks. Identify the value of dans in the passage.

大統領府は19日、内務大臣ローラン・ヌニェス氏の辞任を認めないと発表しました。

In “発表しました”, ました makes a verb polite past. The negative is “ませんでした”. Read the actual date together with the date and time in the text.

エリゼ宮（大統領府）は19日、マクロン大統領が内務大臣ローラン・ヌニェス氏の辞任を認めなかったと発表しました。

と takes the content that is reported or explained. In “改定する方針だと報じました”, “改定する方針だ” is what the report said. Separating the content from who said it and how makes long sentences easier to read.

18日夜の演説では、「共和国を倒そうとした者は、責任を取ることになる」と述べました。

“〜すること” treats an action or content like a noun. The particle after it (が・を・は…) shows its role in the sentence. “ことができる” is a fixed combination meaning “can”.

大統領は、暴徒への新しい対応を、できるだけ早く現場で実施するよう求めました。

できる is the basic verb for ability. The potential form of 受ける is 受けられる. The same られる can also be passive or honorific, so decide from the meaning of the sentence.

ヌニェス氏は18日に辞表を出していました。

The て-form links actions in a series, in order or as a reason. In “確認して、出発する” the relation is judged from the content. In “〜ている” it can show an action in progress or a continuing state.

17日の暴動を受けた、政府の動きを整理します。

A explains noun B that follows. It is not only possession: the relation can be belonging, target, content and more. In “政府の案” and “年金の税控除”, read the relation from the context.