Typhoon No. 30 has formed: follow the updated forecasts

Le système est désormais identifié comme typhon.

Être in the present is est for a singular subject and sont for a plural one. It describes nature, state or place (“is”, “is located”). If what follows (the attribute) is a noun, adjective or prepositional phrase, it is not a passive. If a past participle follows, it is a passive (est annoncé). Headlines and summaries often use the present to describe the current situation.

Le typhon n° 30 s’est formé : suivez les prévisions actualisées

The passé composé of a pronominal verb (se + verb) always uses être as auxiliary (il s’est diffusé / elles se sont réunies). Se changes with the subject: me, te, se, nous, vous. The past participle usually agrees with the subject in gender and number.

TV Asahi signalait à la mi-journée une forte incertitude sur la trajectoire de la semaine suivante.

The imparfait describes states, background, habits and actions in progress in the past (il était, elle avait, ils pensaient). Take the nous form of the present, drop -ons, and add -ais / -ais / -ait / -ions / -iez / -aient. If the passé composé gives “the event itself”, the imparfait paints “the situation at the time”.

La position et l’intensité citées sont datées ; cet article ne remplace pas une alerte ou un bulletin en temps réel.

The passive means “is done” or “is being done”. It is formed with être + past participle, which agrees with the subject in gender and number (la mesure est adoptée / les mesures sont adoptées). The agent is introduced by par (or de). In the news it is common when the event, rather than the actor, is the focus (est prévu / est annoncé / est connu).

Vérifiez les bulletins de la JMA et les informations des compagnies aériennes et ferroviaires.

The imperative expresses commands, requests and advice. It has no subject: the sentence starts with the verb (Consultez les informations.). The vous form ends in -ez, nous in -ons (Restons prudents.), and tu in -e for -er verbs (Consulte). It is very common in notices and warnings (Vérifiez, Consultez, Restez informé).

Le site de prévention de la préfecture de Mie relaie le bulletin de la JMA du 15 octobre à 18 h 50, heure japonaise : le typhon n° 30 se situe près des îles Marshall et avance vers l’ouest-nord-ouest à 20 km/h.

A pronominal verb is used with a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous) before the verb. It can mean “do to oneself”, “be done” or “do to each other”. In the news, se traduire (to result in), se tenir (to take place), s’agir de (to be a matter of) and se diffuser (to spread) are frequent. The pronoun changes with the subject (il se tient / ils se tiennent / je me souviens).

Sa formation ne signifie pas une arrivée certaine au Japon.

Normally ne and pas wrap the verb. Before a vowel, ne becomes n’. Check which part of the sentence the negation covers. Ne … plus means “no longer”.

Le site de prévention de la préfecture de Mie relaie le bulletin de la JMA du 15 octobre à 18 h 50, heure japonaise : le typhon n° 30 se situe près des îles Marshall et avance vers l’ouest-nord-ouest à 20 km/h.

Le 15 octobre means “on 15 October”. Distinguish the le before a date from the le that marks a weekly habit like a weekday. Du is de + le and au is à + le, so decide the meaning from the verb and period expressions around them. Their role depends on the group: a range of dates, the date of a bulletin or another complement.

Une prévision de formation et une observation confirmée correspondent à deux étapes différentes.

Et joins not only words but also groups of nouns and whole clauses. Spot the two elements playing the same role to break up a long sentence. Et does not necessarily express cause and effect.

Les informations matinales annonçaient une formation probable.

Le is masculine singular, la feminine singular and les plural. Before a vowel or a silent h, singular le and la become l’. The definite article points to something already known or a general concept, so look at the context.

台風の発生だけで、日本への上陸や自分の旅行への影響が決まるわけではありません。

These forms limit and deny an interpretation: “it does not necessarily follow” or “that is not what is meant”. They do not necessarily deny every fact in the sentence. Read what is being denied together with the earlier part.

発生前の見込みと、発生後の情報を分けて伝えます。

予定 is a plan, 見込み a forecast and 方針 a course of action or intention. None of them asserts that something has already been carried out. Note the difference from expressions such as “決まりました”.

台風の発生だけで、日本への上陸や自分の旅行への影響が決まるわけではありません。

They negate a noun and similar content. “ではありません” is the polite form and “ではない” the plain form. “成立ではありません” shows that it cannot be said to have been concluded.

朝の報道は「今日中に発生する見込み」としていました。

In “発表しました”, ました makes a verb polite past. The negative is “ませんでした”. Read the actual date together with the date and time in the text.

15日昼のテレ朝NEWSは、来週の進路には大きな幅があり定まっていないと報じています。

と takes the content that is reported or explained. In “改定する方針だと報じました”, “改定する方針だ” is what the report said. Separating the content from who said it and how makes long sentences easier to read.

その後の発表では台風として掲載されています。

The て-form links actions in a series, in order or as a reason. In “確認して、出発する” the relation is judged from the content. In “〜ている” it can show an action in progress or a continuing state.