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Election disinformation on social media: Japan’s communications ministry publishes draft guidelines, with demonetisation and detection of AI-generated content

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AT A GLANCE

On 23 October, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications published draft guidelines on measures social networks should take to reduce false information in election periods. The public consultation starts on the 24th, and a decision could come as early as the end of the year.

Photo of hands using a smartphone (generic photo)
Océanos y dados · CC0
In this article

The essentials

On 23 October, the ministry published draft guidelines aimed at reducing the impact of online false information on elections. They follow the revised election law and the revised law on handling the circulation of information by platforms, adopted in July. Minister Fujii Hisayuki presented the ministry’s response at a press conference.

The main measures requested

The draft asks social networks in particular to: suspend monetisation of posts that harm the fairness of elections or tighten their review; indicate which authors are monetised; detect AI-generated images and videos and display a warning; detect fraudulent mass postings from many devices or programs, with account suspension or deletion of posts; display the sender’s country or region; and give prominence to posts by the parties and candidates themselves.

Companies concerned and binding force

13 major social networks are concerned, including Google, X and LINE Yahoo. Implementation is left to the companies and there are no penalties; consideration of freedom of expression is the reason.

What comes next

The ministry is running a public consultation (“public comment”) from 24 October. So that it can apply to next April’s unified local elections, it plans a formal decision at the end of the year.

To keep in mind

This article is based on a Jiji Press article of 23 October. The draft may change after the public consultation.

LANGUAGE NOTES

Learn the grammar

Explained in English

French grammar

Learn sentence patterns and usage from the article’s own sentences.

01The present indicative
Structure

est / sont + attribute (noun, adjective, prepositional phrase)

In the article
Les dates d’annonce, des faits et de vérification sont distinctes.
Key points

Être in the present is est for a singular subject and sont for a plural one. It describes nature, state or place (“is”, “is located”). If what follows (the attribute) is a noun, adjective or prepositional phrase, it is not a passive. If a past participle follows, it is a passive (est annoncé). Headlines and summaries often use the present to describe the current situation.

02The passé composé
Structure

present of avoir + past participle

In the article
Le 23 octobre, le ministère des Affaires intérieures et des Communications a publié un projet de lignes directrices sur les mesures que les réseaux sociaux devraient prendre pour réduire les fausses informations en période électorale.
Key points

The passé composé is the most common past tense, used for “did” and “has done” — actions completed in the past. It is formed with the auxiliary avoir (a / ont…) in the present + a past participle. Past participles of -er verbs end in -é (annoncer → annoncé); learn the irregular ones (faire → fait, prendre → pris, voir → vu). In the negative, ne … pas wraps the auxiliary (n’a pas annoncé). In the news it reports facts that have already happened, such as “announced” or “voted”.

03The present conditional
Structure

stem (infinitive) + -ais / -ait / -ions / -iez / -aient

In the article
La consultation publique commence le 24, et la décision pourrait être prise dès la fin de l’année.
Key points

The conditional expresses possibility, supposition, unconfirmed information and polite requests (“would”, “might”). It uses the same stem as the future and the same endings as the imparfait (-ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient): pouvoir → il pourrait. In the news it is used to avoid asserting, as in “is reported to…” or “there is a possibility…”.

04The present subjunctive
Structure

il faut que / pour que / bien que + subject + subjunctive

In the article
Pour qu’il puisse s’appliquer aux élections locales unifiées d’avril prochain, il prévoit une décision formelle dès la fin de l’année.
Key points

The subjunctive expresses wish, need, purpose, doubt and feeling rather than “fact”. It is used inside a clause with que. Triggers: il faut que (must), pour que / afin que (so that), bien que / quoique (although), avant que (before), souhaiter que, vouloir que and others. Formation: stem of the ils present minus -ent + -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent. Irregular: être → soit, avoir → ait, aller → aille, faire → fasse, pouvoir → puisse, savoir → sache.

05The passive voice in the present
Structure

être (est / sont) + past participle (+ par / de)

In the article
La mise en œuvre est laissée aux entreprises et il n’y a pas de sanctions ; la prise en compte de la liberté d’expression en est la raison.
Key points

The passive means “is done” or “is being done”. It is formed with être + past participle, which agrees with the subject in gender and number (la mesure est adoptée / les mesures sont adoptées). The agent is introduced by par (or de). In the news it is common when the event, rather than the actor, is the focus (est prévu / est annoncé / est connu).

06Pouvoir: ability and possibility
Structure

peut / peuvent / pourrait + infinitive

In the article
La consultation publique commence le 24, et la décision pourrait être prise dès la fin de l’année.
Key points

Put a base-form verb after pouvoir. Peut means “can” or “may”; the conditional pourrait gives a more reserved possibility, “might”. It does not necessarily mean implementation is settled.

07Expressing a plan or a deadline
Structure

être prévu / prévoir / être envisagé

In the article
Pour qu’il puisse s’appliquer aux élections locales unifiées d’avril prochain, il prévoit une décision formelle dès la fin de l’année.
Key points

Prévoir means “to plan, to expect”. Être prévu means “to be scheduled” and être envisagé means “to be under consideration”. In the news, read them separately from expressions that describe events that have already happened. They do not say that the event has already taken place.

08Purpose with pour
Structure

pour + infinitive

In the article
Le 23 octobre, le ministère des Affaires intérieures et des Communications a publié un projet de lignes directrices sur les mesures que les réseaux sociaux devraient prendre pour réduire les fausses informations en période électorale.
Key points

This is the purpose, “in order to…”. Put the base form of a verb after pour. The purpose stated here is separate from whether the effect was actually achieved.

09Dates and their prepositions
Structure

le + 日付 / du … au …

In the article
Le ministère mène une consultation publique (« public comment ») à partir du 24 octobre.
Key points

Le 15 octobre means “on 15 October”. Distinguish the le before a date from the le that marks a weekly habit like a weekday. Du is de + le and au is à + le, so decide the meaning from the verb and period expressions around them. Their role depends on the group: a range of dates, the date of a bulletin or another complement.

Explained in English

Japanese grammar

Understand the structure and usage from the text.

01Expressing a possibility
Structure

〜可能性がある / 〜かもしれない

In the article
指針案は、意見公募を経て、変わる可能性があります。
Key points

These forms say something may happen. Even when “possibility” is written, it does not mean it will certainly happen. Check whose forecast it is, plus the time and conditions.

02Qualifying a noun with に関する
Structure

noun + に関する + noun

In the article
総務省は、23日、選挙に関する偽・誤情報を減らすため、SNS事業者がとるべき対策の指針案を公表しました。
Key points

As in “税控除に関する採決”, it explains what the following noun relates to. It is close to “about” and is common in headlines and descriptions.

03Cause or purpose with ため
Structure

〜ため / 〜ために

In the article
総務省は、23日、ネット上の偽・誤情報が、選挙に与える悪い影響を減らすための、指針案を公表しました。
Key points

ため is used for both reason and purpose. “成立ではないため” is a reason and “運転手を守るため” a purpose. Decide from the whole sentence whether what precedes is a cause or a goal.

04Giving examples with など
Structure

noun / expression + など

In the article
対象は、グーグル、X、LINEヤフーなど、大規模なSNS事業者13社です。
Key points

“暴言など” gives “abusive language” as one example. It is not necessarily a closed list of only the things named. It also helps when reading the scope of a news story.

05The polite past ました
Structure

verb stem (連用形) + ました

In the article
藤井比早之総務相が、記者会見で、対応を述べました。
Key points

In “発表しました”, ました makes a verb polite past. The negative is “ませんでした”. Read the actual date together with the date and time in the text.

06Quoting with と: content and report
Structure

plain-form sentence + と + verbe de parole (報じる, 説明する…)

In the article
表現の自由への配慮が、理由とされています。
Key points

と takes the content that is reported or explained. In “改定する方針だと報じました”, “改定する方針だ” is what the report said. Separating the content from who said it and how makes long sentences easier to read.

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