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Typhoon No. 30 and an active front: risk of heavy rain in western and eastern Japan, evacuation of elderly residents in Kumamoto

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AT A GLANCE

On 25 October, NHK said Typhoon No. 30 is making a front very active, with a risk of heavy rain in western and eastern Japan. The city of Kumamoto has launched an evacuation for elderly people.

Photo of Kumamoto Castle (archive photo)
663highland · CC BY 2.5
In this article

The essentials

According to NHK, Typhoon No. 30 is making a front very active and raising fears of heavy rain in western and eastern Japan. In the Kantō-Kōshin’etsu region, heavy rain is possible from the afternoon of the 25th until the 27th. The Japan Meteorological Agency calls for vigilance against landslides and flooding of low-lying land.

In Kumamoto and Wakayama

The city of Kumamoto issued at about 3:35 pm an evacuation advisory for elderly people, given the approach of Typhoon No. 30: this is alert level 3, which asks people who take time to evacuate to leave. In Wakayama Prefecture, the evacuation orders for Yura and Hirokawa were lifted at 3:05 pm. In Wakayama, a video broadcast at 11:33 am shows a road turned into a river, with traffic cones swept away.

Hokuriku and Kantō-Kōshin’etsu

NHK warned that the three Hokuriku prefectures should stay vigilant until early afternoon. In Niigata, heavy rain remains possible until early afternoon on the 25th. In Kantō-Kōshin’etsu, the risk continues until the 27th because of the front’s activity.

What we do not know yet

In the articles consulted, the typhoon’s position, its track and the expected rainfall totals are not given. Evacuation information changes fast: check announcements from your municipality and the Meteorological Agency.

LANGUAGE NOTES

Learn the grammar

Explained in English

French grammar

Learn sentence patterns and usage from the article’s own sentences.

01The present indicative
Structure

est / sont + attribute (noun, adjective, prepositional phrase)

In the article
Typhon n° 30 et front actif : risque de fortes pluies dans l’ouest et l’est du Japon, évacuation des personnes âgées à Kumamoto
Key points

Être in the present is est for a singular subject and sont for a plural one. It describes nature, state or place (“is”, “is located”). If what follows (the attribute) is a noun, adjective or prepositional phrase, it is not a passive. If a past participle follows, it is a passive (est annoncé). Headlines and summaries often use the present to describe the current situation.

02The passé composé
Structure

present of avoir + past participle

In the article
Le 25 octobre, NHK a indiqué que le typhon n° 30 rend un front très actif, avec un risque de fortes pluies dans l’ouest et l’est du Japon.
Key points

The passé composé is the most common past tense, used for “did” and “has done” — actions completed in the past. It is formed with the auxiliary avoir (a / ont…) in the present + a past participle. Past participles of -er verbs end in -é (annoncer → annoncé); learn the irregular ones (faire → fait, prendre → pris, voir → vu). In the negative, ne … pas wraps the auxiliary (n’a pas annoncé). In the news it reports facts that have already happened, such as “announced” or “voted”.

03The imparfait
Structure

stem (nous form of the present) + -ais / -ait / -ions / -iez / -aient

In the article
NHK a prévenu que les trois préfectures de Hokuriku devaient rester vigilantes jusqu’au début d’après-midi.
Key points

The imparfait describes states, background, habits and actions in progress in the past (il était, elle avait, ils pensaient). Take the nous form of the present, drop -ons, and add -ais / -ais / -ait / -ions / -iez / -aient. If the passé composé gives “the event itself”, the imparfait paints “the situation at the time”.

04The passive in the passé composé
Structure

a / ont été + past participle

In the article
Dans la préfecture de Wakayama, les ordres d’évacuation visant Yura et Hirokawa ont été levés à 15 h 05.
Key points

The past passive means “was done”. Its form is present of avoir + été (past participle of être) + past participle. Été does not change, but the last participle agrees with the subject in gender and number (la loi a été votée / les textes ont été votés). It is frequent in news reporting results such as votes, decisions and announcements.

05The imperative
Structure

present vous form (-ez) / nous (-ons) / tu

In the article
Les informations d’évacuation changent vite : consultez les annonces de votre commune et de l’Agence météorologique.
Key points

The imperative expresses commands, requests and advice. It has no subject: the sentence starts with the verb (Consultez les informations.). The vous form ends in -ez, nous in -ons (Restons prudents.), and tu in -e for -er verbs (Consulte). It is very common in notices and warnings (Vérifiez, Consultez, Restez informé).

06Pronominal verbs
Structure

se / s’ + verb

In the article
La ville de Kumamoto a émis vers 15 h 35 un avis d’évacuation pour les personnes âgées, au vu de l’approche du typhon n° 30 : il s’agit du niveau d’alerte 3, qui demande aux personnes mettant du temps à évacuer de partir.
Key points

A pronominal verb is used with a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous) before the verb. It can mean “do to oneself”, “be done” or “do to each other”. In the news, se traduire (to result in), se tenir (to take place), s’agir de (to be a matter of) and se diffuser (to spread) are frequent. The pronoun changes with the subject (il se tient / ils se tiennent / je me souviens).

07Negation and its scope
Structure

ne / n’ … pas · ne … plus

In the article
Dans les articles consultés, la position du typhon, sa trajectoire et les cumuls de pluie attendus ne figurent pas.
Key points

Normally ne and pas wrap the verb. Before a vowel, ne becomes n’. Check which part of the sentence the negation covers. Ne … plus means “no longer”.

08Citing a source with selon
Structure

selon + noun / organisation

In the article
Selon NHK, le typhon n° 30 rend un front très actif et fait craindre de fortes pluies dans l’ouest et l’est du Japon.
Key points

Selon means “according to”. Put a person or organisation after it as the source. It separates facts the writer checked directly from what another body or report said. Citing a source does not turn a forecast into an accomplished fact.

09The construction il s’agit de
Structure

il s’agit de + noun / infinitive

In the article
La ville de Kumamoto a émis vers 15 h 35 un avis d’évacuation pour les personnes âgées, au vu de l’approche du typhon n° 30 : il s’agit du niveau d’alerte 3, qui demande aux personnes mettant du temps à évacuer de partir.
Key points

It explains what something is about: “it is a matter of…”. The il is not a particular man but a formal subject of this construction. The negative il ne s’agit pas de means “this is not about…”.

10The subject relative pronoun qui
Structure

noun + qui + verb

In the article
La ville de Kumamoto a émis vers 15 h 35 un avis d’évacuation pour les personnes âgées, au vu de l’approche du typhon n° 30 : il s’agit du niveau d’alerte 3, qui demande aux personnes mettant du temps à évacuer de partir.
Key points

Qui continues a description of the person or thing just mentioned (“the one that does…”). Because qui is itself the subject of the next verb, do not repeat the subject. The verb agrees with the noun qui refers to.

11Dates and their prepositions
Structure

le + 日付 / du … au …

In the article
Le 25 octobre, NHK a indiqué que le typhon n° 30 rend un front très actif, avec un risque de fortes pluies dans l’ouest et l’est du Japon.
Key points

Le 15 octobre means “on 15 October”. Distinguish the le before a date from the le that marks a weekly habit like a weekday. Du is de + le and au is à + le, so decide the meaning from the verb and period expressions around them. Their role depends on the group: a range of dates, the date of a bulletin or another complement.

Explained in English

Japanese grammar

Understand the structure and usage from the text.

01Giving examples with など
Structure

noun / expression + など

In the article
これは、お年寄りなど、避難に時間のかかる人に、避難を始めてもらう段階の情報です(警戒レベル3)。
Key points

“暴言など” gives “abusive language” as one example. It is not necessarily a closed list of only the things named. It also helps when reading the scope of a news story.

02The polite past ました
Structure

verb stem (連用形) + ました

In the article
NHKは、25日、台風30号の影響で前線の活動が活発になり、西日本と東日本で大雨のおそれがあると伝えました。
Key points

In “発表しました”, ました makes a verb polite past. The negative is “ませんでした”. Read the actual date together with the date and time in the text.

03Quoting with と: content and report
Structure

plain-form sentence + と + verbe de parole (報じる, 説明する…)

In the article
NHKは、25日、台風30号の影響で、前線の活動が活発になり、西日本と東日本で、大雨のおそれがあると伝えました。
Key points

と takes the content that is reported or explained. In “改定する方針だと報じました”, “改定する方針だ” is what the report said. Separating the content from who said it and how makes long sentences easier to read.

04Linking actions with the て-form
Structure

verb て-form + next expression

In the article
関東甲信越では、25日昼すぎから27日にかけて、大雨になるおそれがあります。
Key points

The て-form links actions in a series, in order or as a reason. In “確認して、出発する” the relation is judged from the content. In “〜ている” it can show an action in progress or a continuing state.

05Linking two nouns with の
Structure

noun A + の + noun B

In the article
気象庁は、土砂災害や、低い土地の浸水に、十分注意するよう呼びかけています。
Key points

A explains noun B that follows. It is not only possession: the relation can be belonging, target, content and more. In “政府の案” and “年金の税控除”, read the relation from the context.

06The topic marked by は
Structure

noun / noun phrase + は

In the article
熊本市は、高齢者等避難を出しました。
Key points

は shows what the sentence is about; an explanation of that topic follows. は and が are not always interchangeable: contrast and the way information is placed change.

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