Doctor Yellow’s successor, “Doctor S”, makes its first run on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen

Selon le Nikkei, le Doctor S est un N700S de transport de voyageurs doté de fonctions d’inspection.

Être in the present is est for a singular subject and sont for a plural one. It describes nature, state or place (“is”, “is located”). If what follows (the attribute) is a noun, adjective or prepositional phrase, it is not a passive. If a past participle follows, it is a passive (est annoncé). Headlines and summaries often use the present to describe the current situation.

Le 26 octobre, JR Central a fait circuler pour la première fois le « Doctor S », successeur du Doctor Yellow : un N700S commercial équipé de fonctions d’inspection.

The passé composé is the most common past tense, used for “did” and “has done” — actions completed in the past. It is formed with the auxiliary avoir (a / ont…) in the present + a past participle. Past participles of -er verbs end in -é (annoncer → annoncé); learn the irregular ones (faire → fait, prendre → pris, voir → vu). In the negative, ne … pas wraps the auxiliary (n’a pas annoncé). In the news it reports facts that have already happened, such as “announced” or “voted”.

Les mesures commenceront en janvier 2027.

The futur simple means “will do” or “is planned to”. Add -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont to the infinitive (participer → il participera). Watch the irregular stems: être → ser-, avoir → aur-, aller → ir-, faire → fer-, pouvoir → pourr-, voir → verr-. In the news it is used for fixed plans and outlooks.

Le texte de NHK n’a pu être lu qu’en partie : le parcours et la date de début des mesures n’y figurent pas.

Normally ne and pas wrap the verb. Before a vowel, ne becomes n’. Check which part of the sentence the negation covers. Ne … plus means “no longer”.

Selon NHK, JR Central a fait circuler le 26 octobre pour la première fois le « Doctor S », successeur du Doctor Yellow, ce train d’inspection des voies du Shinkansen retiré l’an dernier.

Selon means “according to”. Put a person or organisation after it as the source. It separates facts the writer checked directly from what another body or report said. Citing a source does not turn a forecast into an accomplished fact.

Contrairement au Doctor Yellow, dédié aux mesures, il inspecte en service commercial pour gagner en efficacité : il mesure la géométrie de la voie et les efforts sur le fil de contact.

This is the purpose, “in order to…”. Put the base form of a verb after pour. The purpose stated here is separate from whether the effect was actually achieved.

Une caméra en cabine repère les obstacles près des poteaux (arbres, nids), ce qui réduit les rondes à pied.

Qui continues a description of the person or thing just mentioned (“the one that does…”). Because qui is itself the subject of the next verb, do not repeat the subject. The verb agrees with the noun qui refers to.

Le 26 octobre, JR Central a fait circuler pour la première fois le « Doctor S », successeur du Doctor Yellow : un N700S commercial équipé de fonctions d’inspection.

Le 15 octobre means “on 15 October”. Distinguish the le before a date from the le that marks a weekly habit like a weekday. Du is de + le and au is à + le, so decide the meaning from the verb and period expressions around them. Their role depends on the group: a range of dates, the date of a bulletin or another complement.

NHKによると、JR東海は、26日、ドクターイエローの後継の「ドクターS」を、初めて運行しました。

As in “LCPによると”, it shows where the information comes from. What that source reported follows. It is used differently from “私にとって”, which gives one’s own opinion.

この記事の、くわしい仕様と、1月の予定は、日本経済新聞の記事にもとづきます。

予定 is a plan, 見込み a forecast and 方針 a course of action or intention. None of them asserts that something has already been carried out. Note the difference from expressions such as “決まりました”.

ドクターイエローは、新幹線の線路などを検査する車両で、去年、引退しました。

“暴言など” gives “abusive language” as one example. It is not necessarily a closed list of only the things named. It also helps when reading the scope of a news story.

JR東海は、26日、ドクターイエローの後継の「ドクターS」を、初めて走らせました。

In “発表しました”, ました makes a verb polite past. The negative is “ませんでした”. Read the actual date together with the date and time in the text.

乗客を乗せたまま、検測できる仕組みです。

できる is the basic verb for ability. The potential form of 受ける is 受けられる. The same られる can also be passive or honorific, so decide from the meaning of the sentence.

ドクターイエローは検測専用でしたが、ドクターSは、営業車で検測して、作業を効率的にします。

The て-form links actions in a series, in order or as a reason. In “確認して、出発する” the relation is judged from the content. In “〜ている” it can show an action in progress or a continuing state.