After the Japan–Germany summit: AI dialogue and cooperation on critical minerals

Un intérêt exprimé ne signifie pas une adhésion actée.

Normally ne and pas wrap the verb. Before a vowel, ne becomes n’. Check which part of the sentence the negation covers. Ne … plus means “no longer”.

Selon le ministère japonais des Affaires étrangères, Sanae Takaichi et Friedrich Merz se sont entretenus le 28 octobre.

Selon means “according to”. Put a person or organisation after it as the source. It separates facts the writer checked directly from what another body or report said. Citing a source does not turn a forecast into an accomplished fact.

Ils veulent aussi diversifier les sources de minerais critiques pour renforcer leurs chaînes d’approvisionnement et réduire la dépendance à une seule source.

This is the purpose, “in order to…”. Put the base form of a verb after pour. The purpose stated here is separate from whether the effect was actually achieved.

Le ministère japonais des Affaires étrangères a publié les résultats du sommet du 28 octobre.

It reports past events, as in “announced” or “explained”. A / ont is the auxiliary avoir and the next word is the past participle. The passé composé alone does not tell you the date of the event.

Elle ne signifie pas que chaque projet est déjà opérationnel.

Est is third-person singular and sont third-person plural of être. They express “is / are” — a state or description. If a past participle follows, it is a different structure such as the passive, so check the words that follow.

Après notre présentation de la visite, voici les engagements annoncés et ce qui reste à mettre en œuvre.

Qui continues a description of the person or thing just mentioned (“the one that does…”). Because qui is itself the subject of the next verb, do not repeat the subject. The verb agrees with the noun qui refers to.

外務省によると、高市早苗首相とドイツのメルツ首相は28日に会談しました。

As in “LCPによると”, it shows where the information comes from. What that source reported follows. It is used differently from “私にとって”, which gives one’s own opinion.

協力の方向が示されても、個別の事業がすべて始まったわけではありません。

These forms limit and deny an interpretation: “it does not necessarily follow” or “that is not what is meant”. They do not necessarily deny every fact in the sentence. Read what is being denied together with the earlier part.

共同声明とは、会談した双方が共通の立場などをまとめて発表する文書です。

It takes up a word, as in “在留資格とは？”, and asks for its meaning. In explanations it is used as “〜とは、…です”. Here the quotation と and the topic は are combined.

協力の方向が示されても、個別の事業がすべて始まったわけではありません。

They negate a noun and similar content. “ではありません” is the polite form and “ではない” the plain form. “成立ではありません” shows that it cannot be said to have been concluded.

首脳共同声明に加え、先端技術と経済安全保障についての共同宣言を発表しました。

As in “予算について”, it shows the topic to be talked about or explained. In the form “〜についての報道”, の is added so that the group qualifies the following noun.

両国はAIに関するハイレベル対話の立ち上げを確認しました。

As in “税控除に関する採決”, it explains what the following noun relates to. It is close to “about” and is common in headlines and descriptions.