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Japan: the Disaster Management Agency is launched, with an “urgent request” to prepare

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AT A GLANCE
  • The Disaster Management Agency was launched on 2 November; its first minister is Goshi Hosono.
  • In his “urgent request” he asked the public to fix furniture in place and stock supplies.
  • The details of the request and what is asked of local governments could not be confirmed here.
Illustrative photo of the government buildings housing the Cabinet Office in Tokyo. Not a photo of the agency’s launch ceremony.
Yuukokusya · CC BY-SA 3.0Illustrative photo of the government buildings housing the Cabinet Office in Tokyo. Not a photo of the agency’s launch ceremony.
In this article

What was launched

According to NHK and Jiji Press, the Disaster Management Agency (Bosaicho), which acts as the state’s command centre for disasters, was launched on 2 November and began full operations. It is in charge of everything from preparedness in normal times to recovery and reconstruction. Jiji says a launch ceremony was to be held in the afternoon, with Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi addressing staff.

What the “urgent request” says

Goshi Hosono, minister in charge of disaster management, announced the “urgent request” at his press conference after the Cabinet meeting. According to Jiji, it asks the public to prepare from everyday life: fixing furniture and stocking food. NHK also mentions making homes earthquake-resistant. Faced with a major disaster, the administration alone has its limits, he stressed: “everyone needs to act”.

Betting on prevention

According to NHK, the request was issued for the agency’s launch because measures to reduce damage need to be accelerated. The agency thus shows an approach of preparing in advance rather than only reacting after a disaster.

What has changed since our previous article

Our article of 1 November said the agency was due to be launched on 2 November, with about 350 staff and with the Central Disaster Management Council transferred from the Cabinet Office. What is new: the agency has actually been launched and its minister has issued the “urgent request”.

If you live in Japan

If you live in Japan, this is a chance to check the guidance of the agency and your municipality, fix your furniture and review your reserves of water, food and emergency toilets. Check the recommended quantities with the authorities. This article is based on reports of 2 November: the details of the request and what is asked of local governments could not be confirmed here.

LANGUAGE NOTES

Learn the grammar

Explained in English

French grammar

Learn sentence patterns and usage from the article’s own sentences.

01The present indicative
Structure

est / sont + attribute (noun, adjective, prepositional phrase)

In the article
Si vous vivez au Japon, c’est l’occasion de consulter les consignes de l’agence et de votre commune, de fixer vos meubles et de revoir vos réserves d’eau, de nourriture et de toilettes de secours.
Key points

Être in the present is est for a singular subject and sont for a plural one. It describes nature, state or place (“is”, “is located”). If what follows (the attribute) is a noun, adjective or prepositional phrase, it is not a passive. If a past participle follows, it is a passive (est annoncé). Headlines and summaries often use the present to describe the current situation.

02The passé composé
Structure

present of avoir + past participle

In the article
Son premier ministre, Gôshi Hosono, a lancé un « appel urgent » à la préparation.
Key points

The passé composé is the most common past tense, used for “did” and “has done” — actions completed in the past. It is formed with the auxiliary avoir (a / ont…) in the present + a past participle. Past participles of -er verbs end in -é (annoncer → annoncé); learn the irregular ones (faire → fait, prendre → pris, voir → vu). In the negative, ne … pas wraps the auxiliary (n’a pas annoncé). In the news it reports facts that have already happened, such as “announced” or “voted”.

03The imparfait
Structure

stem (nous form of the present) + -ais / -ait / -ions / -iez / -aient

In the article
Jiji précise qu’une cérémonie de lancement devait avoir lieu l’après-midi, avec une allocution de la Première ministre Sanae Takaichi aux agents.
Key points

The imparfait describes states, background, habits and actions in progress in the past (il était, elle avait, ils pensaient). Take the nous form of the present, drop -ons, and add -ais / -ais / -ait / -ions / -iez / -aient. If the passé composé gives “the event itself”, the imparfait paints “the situation at the time”.

04The present subjunctive
Structure

il faut que / pour que / bien que + subject + subjunctive

In the article
Face à une catastrophe majeure, l’administration seule a ses limites, a-t-il insisté : « il faut que chacun agisse ».
Key points

The subjunctive expresses wish, need, purpose, doubt and feeling rather than “fact”. It is used inside a clause with que. Triggers: il faut que (must), pour que / afin que (so that), bien que / quoique (although), avant que (before), souhaiter que, vouloir que and others. Formation: stem of the ils present minus -ent + -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent. Irregular: être → soit, avoir → ait, aller → aille, faire → fasse, pouvoir → puisse, savoir → sache.

05The passive voice in the present
Structure

être (est / sont) + past participle (+ par / de)

In the article
Japon : l’Agence de gestion des catastrophes est lancée, avec un « appel urgent » à s’y préparer
Key points

The passive means “is done” or “is being done”. It is formed with être + past participle, which agrees with the subject in gender and number (la mesure est adoptée / les mesures sont adoptées). The agent is introduced by par (or de). In the news it is common when the event, rather than the actor, is the focus (est prévu / est annoncé / est connu).

06The passive in the passé composé
Structure

a / ont été + past participle

In the article
L’Agence japonaise de gestion des catastrophes a été lancée le 2 novembre.
Key points

The past passive means “was done”. Its form is present of avoir + été (past participle of être) + past participle. Été does not change, but the last participle agrees with the subject in gender and number (la loi a été votée / les textes ont été votés). It is frequent in news reporting results such as votes, decisions and announcements.

07Negation and its scope
Structure

ne / n’ … pas · ne … plus

In the article
Cet article repose sur les reportages du 2 novembre : le détail des demandes et celles adressées aux collectivités n’ont pas pu être confirmés ici.
Key points

Normally ne and pas wrap the verb. Before a vowel, ne becomes n’. Check which part of the sentence the negation covers. Ne … plus means “no longer”.

08Citing a source with selon
Structure

selon + noun / organisation

In the article
Selon NHK et Jiji Press, l’Agence de gestion des catastrophes (防災庁, Bōsaichō), qui joue le rôle de poste de commandement de l’État face aux catastrophes, a été lancée le 2 novembre.
Key points

Selon means “according to”. Put a person or organisation after it as the source. It separates facts the writer checked directly from what another body or report said. Citing a source does not turn a forecast into an accomplished fact.

09Expressing a plan or a deadline
Structure

être prévu / prévoir / être envisagé

In the article
Notre article du 1er novembre annonçait un lancement prévu le 2 novembre, un effectif d’environ 350 personnes et le transfert du Conseil central de gestion des catastrophes depuis le Cabinet Office.
Key points

Prévoir means “to plan, to expect”. Être prévu means “to be scheduled” and être envisagé means “to be under consideration”. In the news, read them separately from expressions that describe events that have already happened. They do not say that the event has already taken place.

10Purpose with pour
Structure

pour + infinitive

In the article
Selon NHK, cet appel a été publié à l’occasion du lancement pour accélérer les mesures de réduction des dégâts.
Key points

This is the purpose, “in order to…”. Put the base form of a verb after pour. The purpose stated here is separate from whether the effect was actually achieved.

Explained in English

Japanese grammar

Understand the structure and usage from the text.

01Citing a source: によると
Structure

noun + によると

In the article
NHKと時事通信によると、国の災害対応の司令塔の役割を果たす「防災庁」が11月2日に発足し、本格的に始動しました。
Key points

As in “LCPによると”, it shows where the information comes from. What that source reported follows. It is used differently from “私にとって”, which gives one’s own opinion.

02Cause or purpose with ため
Structure

〜ため / 〜ために

In the article
NHKは、この要請を、被害を減らすために対策を加速させる必要がある、という考えのもと、防災庁の発足にあわせて発表されたものと伝えています。
Key points

ため is used for both reason and purpose. “成立ではないため” is a reason and “運転手を守るため” a purpose. Decide from the whole sentence whether what precedes is a cause or a goal.

03Giving examples with など
Structure

noun / expression + など

In the article
時事通信によると、国民に対して、平時から家具の固定や食料の備蓄などの備えを求めるものです。
Key points

“暴言など” gives “abusive language” as one example. It is not necessarily a closed list of only the things named. It also helps when reading the scope of a news story.

04The polite past ました
Structure

verb stem (連用形) + ました

In the article
国の災害対応の司令塔となる防災庁が11月2日に発足しました。
Key points

In “発表しました”, ました makes a verb polite past. The negative is “ませんでした”. Read the actual date together with the date and time in the text.

05Quoting with と: content and report
Structure

plain-form sentence + と + verbe de parole (報じる, 説明する…)

In the article
平時の備えから、復旧・復興までを担うとされています。
Key points

と takes the content that is reported or explained. In “改定する方針だと報じました”, “改定する方針だ” is what the report said. Separating the content from who said it and how makes long sentences easier to read.

06Treating a clause like a noun with こと
Structure

plain-form sentence + こと + particle

In the article
前回(11月1日付)は、防災庁が2日に発足する予定であること、定員が約350人であること、中央防災会議が内閣府から移管されることを伝えました。
Key points

“〜すること” treats an action or content like a noun. The particle after it (が・を・は…) shows its role in the sentence. “ことができる” is a fixed combination meaning “can”.

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